Insert

This part of the shoe may seem trivial compared to the other major components, but it is important in several ways. It influences the overall fit since it helps position the arch support, commonly called an arch "cookie". One of the major lessons learned by scientists studying foot morphology is that the need for, placement and inclusion of arch support systems varies greatly relative to gender, age, foot size, and arch type. It also is dependent on the sport and activity level of the athlete. The insert can also provide a small amount of cushioning, help to dissipate heat, wick moisture away from the foot, and even, by the inclusion of charcoal, or other materials, help to limit foot odor. An important modification of the insert is a device called an orthotic. This is a custom made insert that is designed, usually by a podiatrist, to make up for structural problems in the foot. These structural problems might be genetic, or the result of chronic injuries.